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Julius Jacob von Haynau
Julius Jacob von Haynau (October 14, 1786 – March 14, 1853) was an Austrian general who was prominent in suppressing insurrectionary movements in Italy and Hungary in 1848 and later. While a hugely effective military leader, he also gained renown as an aggressive and ruthless commander. His soldiers called him the "Habsburg Tiger"; those opponents who suffered from his brutality called him the "Hyena of Brescia" and the "Hangman of Arad."
==Early life and education==
Born in Kassel, Julius Jacob von Haynau was the illegitimate son of Rosa Dorothea Ritter,〔(Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950 Online-Edition )〕 and William I (1743-1821), the landgrave (later elector) of Hesse-Kassel. He was born after his father's return with his wife and family to Hesse-Kassel after 20 years in Denmark. His father acknowledged this natural son, providing for his education and entry into the military officer corps as a cadet.
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